Input Tax Credit – ITC

One of the fundamental features of GST is the seamless flow of input credit across the chain (from the manufacture of goods till it is consumed) and across the country.

In this article, we will cover the following topics-

1. What is input tax credit?
   
2. Who can claim ITC?
   
3. What can be claimed as ITC?
   
4. How to claim ITC?
   
5. Reversal of Input Tax Credit
   
6. Reconciliation of ITC
   
7. Documents required for claiming ITC
   
8. Special cases of ITC
   
• ITC for Capital Goods
  
• ITC on Job Work
  
• ITC provided by the Input service distributor (ISD)
  
• ITC on Transfer of Business
  

Update as on 9th October 2019

The CBIC has notified that the input tax credit that can be availed by a registered person in respect of invoices or debit notes, will be restricted to 20% of of the eligible credit available in respect of invoices or debit notes as per details uploaded by the suppliers.

1. What is input tax credit?

Input credit means at the time of paying tax on output, you can reduce the tax you have already paid on inputs and pay the balance amount.

Here’s how-

When you buy a product/service from a registered dealer you pay taxes on the purchase. On selling, you collect the tax. You adjust the taxes paid at the time of purchase with the amount of output tax (tax on sales) and balance liability of tax (tax on sales minus tax on purchase) has to be paid to the government. This mechanism is called utilization of input tax credit.

For example- you are a manufacturer: a. Tax payable on output (FINAL PRODUCT) is Rs 450 b. Tax paid on input (PURCHASES) is Rs 300 c. You can claim INPUT CREDIT of Rs 300 and you only need to deposit Rs 150 in taxes.

2. Who can claim ITC?

ITC can be claimed by a person registered under GST only if he fulfills ALL the conditions as prescribed.

a. The dealer should be in possession of tax invoice

b. The said goods/services have been received

c. Returns have been filed.

d. The tax charged has been paid to the government by the supplier.

e. When goods are received in installments ITC can be claimed only when the last lot is received.

f. No ITC will be allowed if depreciation has been claimed on tax component of a capital good

A person registered under composition scheme in GST cannot claim ITC.

3. What can be claimed as ITC?

ITC can be claimed only for business purposes. ITC will not be available for goods or services exclusively used for: a. Personal use b. Exempt supplies c. Supplies for which ITC is specifically not available

4. How to claim ITC?

All regular taxpayers must report the amount of input tax credit(ITC) in their monthly GST returns of Form GSTR-3B. The table 4 requires the summary figure of eligible ITC, Ineligible ITC and ITC reversed during the tax period. The format of the Table 4 is given below:A taxpayer can claim ITC on a provisional basis in the GSTR-3B to an extent of 20% of the eligible ITC reported by suppliers in the auto-generated GSTR-2A return. Hence, a taxpayer should cross-check the GSTR-2A figure before proceeding to file GSTR-3B. A taxpayer could have claimed any amount of provisional ITC until 9 October 2019. But, the CBIC has notified that from 9 October 2019, a taxpayer can only claim not more than 20% of the eligible ITC available in the GSTR-2A as provisional ITC. This means taht the amount of ITC reported in the GSTR-3B from 9 October 2019 will be the total of the actual ITC in GSTR-2A and the provisional ITC being 20% of the actual eligible ITC in the GSTR-2A. Hence, matching of the purchase register or expense ledger with the GSTR-2A becomes crucial.

5. Reversal of Input Tax Credit

ITC can be availed only on goods and services for business purposes. If they are used for non-business (personal) purposes, or for making exempt supplies ITC cannot be claimed . Apart from these, there are certain other situations where ITC will be reversed.

ITC will be reversed in the following cases-

1) Non-payment of invoices in 180 days– ITC will be reversed for invoices which were not paid within 180 days of issue.

2) Credit note issued to ISD by seller– This is for ISD. If a credit note was issued by the seller to the HO then the ITC subsequently reduced will be reversed.

3) Inputs partly for business purpose and partly for exempted supplies or for personal use – This is for businesses which use inputs for both business and non-business (personal) purpose. ITC used in the portion of input goods/services used for the personal purpose must be reversed proportionately.

4) Capital goods partly for business and partly for exempted supplies or for personal use – This is similar to above except that it concerns capital goods.

5) ITC reversed is less than required- This is calculated after the annual return is furnished. If total ITC on inputs of exempted/non-business purpose is more than the ITC actually reversed during the year then the difference amount will be added to output liability. Interest will be applicable.

The details of reversal of ITC will be furnished in GSTR-3B. To find out more about the segregation of ITC into business and personal use and subsequent calculations, please visit our article.

6. Reconciliation of ITC

ITC claimed by the person has to match with the details specified by his supplier in his GST return. In case of any mismatch, the supplier and recipient would be communicated regarding discrepancies after the filling of GSTR-3B. Learn how to go about reconciliation through our article on GSTR-2A Reconciliation. Please read our article on the detailed explanation of the reasons for mismatch of ITC and procedure to be followed to apply for re-claim of ITC.

7. Documents Required for Claiming ITC

The following documents are required for claiming ITC: 1. Invoice issued by the supplier of goods/services 2. The debit note issued by the supplier to the recipient (if any) 3. Bill of entry 4. An invoice issued under certain circumstances like the bill of supply issued instead of tax invoice if the amount is less than Rs 200 or in situations where the reverse charge is applicable as per GST law. 5. An invoice or credit note issued by the Input Service Distributor(ISD) as per the invoice rules under GST. 6. A bill of supply issued by the supplier of goods and services or both.

8. Special cases of ITC

a. ITC for Capital Goods

ITC is available for capital goods under GST.

However, ITC is not available for- i. Capital Goods used exclusively for making exempted goods ii. Capital Goods used exclusively for non-business (personal) purposes Note: No ITC will be allowed if depreciation has been claimed on tax component of capital goods.

b. ITC on Job Work

A principal manufacturer may send goods for further processing to a job worker. For example, a shoe manufacturing company sends half-made shoes (upper part) to job workers who will fit the soles. In such a situation the principal manufacturer will be allowed to take credit of tax paid on the purchase of such goods sent on job work.

ITC will be allowed when goods are sent to job worker in both the cases:

1. From principal’s place of business
   
2. Directly from the place of supply of the supplier of such goods
   

However, to enjoy ITC, the goods sent must be received back by the principal within 1 year (3 years for capital goods).

c. ITC Provided by Input Service Distributor (ISD)

An input service distributor (ISD) can be the head office (mostly) or a branch office or registered office of the registered person under GST. ISD collects the input tax credit on all the purchases made and distribute it to all the recipients (branches) under different heads like CGST, SGST/UTGST, IGST or cess.

d. ITC on Transfer of Business

This applies in cases of amalgamations/mergers/transfer of business. The transferor will have available ITC which will be passed to the transferee at the time of transfer of business.

Please visit our other articles discussing ITC under GST in detail.